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  • What is the kilogram defined as in the SI base units?
    Kilogram is defined as the mass equal to a Pt-Ir alloy prototype constructed in 1885.
  • How is the meter defined in the SI base units?
    Meter is the distance light travels in a vacuum during 3.335 x 10-9 seconds.
  • What is the definition of the second in SI units?
    Second is related to an atomic transition of Cesium-133.
  • How is the kelvin defined in the SI system?
    Kelvin is defined by the triple point of H2O at 273.15 K and absolute zero at 0 K.
  • What does the mole represent in SI units?
    Mole is the number of particles equal to the number of atoms in 0.012 kg of Carbon-12 (~6.022 x 1023).
  • What is the ampere defined as?
    Ampere is the unit of electric current representing the flow of one coulomb per second.
  • What is the radian and steradian in SI units?
    Radian is a plane angle where a circle contains 2π radians; Steradian is a solid angle where a sphere contains 4π steradians.
  • What is the formula for molarity (M)?
    Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution.
  • What is the formula for molality (m)?
    Molality (m) = moles of solute / kilograms of solvent.
  • How is weight percent concentration calculated?
    Weight percent = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100.
  • How is volume percent concentration calculated?
    Volume percent = (volume of solute / volume of solution) × 100.
  • How is weight/volume percent concentration calculated?
    Weight/volume percent = (mass of solute in grams / volume of solution in mL) × 100.
  • What is the dilution equation used in analytical chemistry?
    Dilution equation: M1V1 = M2V2, where M is molarity and V is volume before and after dilution.
  • What does the stoichiometric chart help with in titrations?
    It helps convert between moles, grams, and formula units of known and unknown compounds using balanced chemical equations.
  • What is the balanced net ionic equation for oxidation of Fe(II) by dichromate?
    Cr2O72- + 6 Fe2+ + 14 H+ → 2 Cr3+ + 6 Fe3+ + 7 H2O.
  • What is the formula to calculate molarity from ppm?
    Molarity can be calculated by converting ppm to grams per liter and dividing by molar mass.
  • What is the relationship between molarity and molality?
    Molarity depends on solution volume; molality depends on solvent mass, making molality temperature independent.
  • How do you calculate molar concentration of ions from percent composition?
    Use percent weight, solution density, and molar mass to find moles of ions per liter.
  • What is the significance of the mole fraction in solution concentration?
    Mole fraction represents the ratio of moles of a component to total moles in the solution.
  • What is the general approach to titration calculations?
    Use balanced chemical equations and molarity-volume relationships to find unknown concentrations or masses.