Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

21. The Immune System

Introduction to the Immune System

Anatomy & Physiology

21. The Immune System

Introduction to the Immune System

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Multiple Choice

Parasites of the genus Trypanosoma evade immune responses through what defense mechanism?

Complement activation

Antigenic variation

Phagocytosis

Apoptosis

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the context: Trypanosoma is a genus of parasitic protozoa that can cause diseases such as sleeping sickness in humans. These parasites need to evade the host's immune system to survive and proliferate.

Identify the immune evasion strategies: Parasites have developed various mechanisms to avoid detection and destruction by the host's immune system. Common strategies include antigenic variation, complement activation inhibition, and avoiding phagocytosis.

Focus on antigenic variation: This is a process where the parasite changes its surface proteins to avoid recognition by the host's immune system. By frequently altering these proteins, the immune system struggles to mount an effective response.

Differentiate from other mechanisms: Complement activation is a part of the immune response that helps clear pathogens, not a mechanism used by parasites to evade the immune system. Phagocytosis is a process where cells engulf and digest pathogens, and apoptosis is programmed cell death, neither of which are evasion strategies used by Trypanosoma.

Conclude with the correct mechanism: The primary defense mechanism used by Trypanosoma to evade immune responses is antigenic variation, allowing it to persist in the host by continuously changing its surface antigens.