Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

18. The Heart

Cardiac Action Potentials

Anatomy & Physiology

18. The Heart

Cardiac Action Potentials

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Multiple Choice

What change would lead to an increase in cardiac output during exercise?

Increased heart rate

Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity

Increased parasympathetic nervous system activity

Decreased stroke volume

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of cardiac output, which is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute. It is calculated as the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV). The formula is:

Cardiac Output = HR \times SV

Recognize that during exercise, the body requires more oxygen and nutrients, which necessitates an increase in cardiac output to meet these demands.

Identify the factors that can increase cardiac output: an increase in heart rate or an increase in stroke volume, or both.

Evaluate the options given: Increased heart rate would directly increase cardiac output as per the formula. Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity would typically reduce heart rate and stroke volume, thus decreasing cardiac output. Increased parasympathetic nervous system activity would also decrease heart rate, reducing cardiac output. Decreased stroke volume would lower cardiac output.

Conclude that the change leading to an increase in cardiac output during exercise is an increased heart rate, as it directly contributes to a higher cardiac output according to the formula.