Multiple Choice
In human physiology, which structure most directly links the nervous system to the endocrine system by controlling pituitary hormone release?
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16. The Endocrine System
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
Multiple Choice
Which statement is true of growth hormone (GH)?
A
GH primarily lowers blood glucose by increasing glucose uptake in most tissues.
B
GH is secreted by the posterior pituitary and directly increases uterine contractions during labor.
C
GH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), promoting tissue growth.
D
GH secretion is primarily stimulated by hypothalamic somatostatin and inhibited by growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH).
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the source of growth hormone (GH). GH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the posterior pituitary. This is important because the anterior and posterior pituitary secrete different hormones with distinct functions.
Step 2: Recognize the role of GH in the body. GH primarily promotes growth by stimulating the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which then acts on various tissues to promote cell growth and division.
Step 3: Clarify the effect of GH on blood glucose. GH tends to increase blood glucose levels by reducing glucose uptake in tissues and promoting gluconeogenesis, so the statement that GH lowers blood glucose by increasing glucose uptake is incorrect.
Step 4: Understand the regulation of GH secretion. GH secretion is stimulated by growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH) from the hypothalamus and inhibited by somatostatin, the opposite of the statement given in the problem.
Step 5: Summarize the correct statement: GH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the liver to produce IGF-1, which promotes tissue growth. This aligns with the physiological role and regulation of GH.
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