Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System

Anatomy & Physiology

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System

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Multiple Choice

Activation of sympathetic nerves that innervate lung tissue results in which of the following effects?

Increased mucus secretion

Decreased respiratory rate

Bronchodilation

Bronchoconstriction

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of the sympathetic nervous system: The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system and is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response. It generally prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow to essential organs.

Focus on the lungs: Sympathetic activation in the lungs primarily affects the smooth muscle in the bronchioles. The neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerves is norepinephrine, which binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscle cells.

Explain bronchodilation: When norepinephrine binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors, it causes relaxation of the smooth muscle in the bronchioles. This relaxation leads to bronchodilation, which increases the diameter of the airways and facilitates airflow, making breathing easier during a 'fight or flight' response.

Rule out other options: Increased mucus secretion is typically associated with parasympathetic activation, not sympathetic activation. Decreased respiratory rate is also not a sympathetic effect; instead, the respiratory rate often increases during sympathetic activation. Bronchoconstriction is the opposite of bronchodilation and occurs during parasympathetic activation or allergic reactions.

Conclude the correct effect: Based on the physiological mechanisms, activation of sympathetic nerves that innervate lung tissue results in bronchodilation, which is the correct answer.