Step 1: Understand the types of connective tissues involved in musculoskeletal attachments. Dense connective tissues are categorized mainly into dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues based on the arrangement of collagen fibers.
Step 2: Recognize that tendons and ligaments are both composed of dense regular connective tissue, which means their collagen fibers are aligned in parallel to provide tensile strength in one direction.
Step 3: Differentiate between the functions of tendons and ligaments: tendons connect muscle to bone, transmitting the force generated by muscle contraction to move the skeleton, while ligaments connect bone to bone, stabilizing joints.
Step 4: Identify that areolar connective tissue is a loose connective tissue, which is more flexible and not specialized for strong attachments, and hyaline cartilage is a type of supportive connective tissue found in joints and respiratory structures, not for muscle attachment.
Step 5: Conclude that the dense regular connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone is called a tendon, making 'Tendon (dense regular connective tissue)' the correct answer.