Understand the structure and function of a nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
Identify the components of a nephron: Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct.
Recognize the sequence of urine formation starting from the filtration of blood in Bowman's capsule.
Follow the path of filtrate as it moves from Bowman's capsule to the proximal convoluted tubule, where reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients occurs.
Continue tracing the filtrate through the loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and finally into the collecting duct, where further reabsorption and secretion occur before urine is excreted.