Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

21. The Immune System

Introduction to the Immune System

Anatomy & Physiology

21. The Immune System

Introduction to the Immune System

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following are examples of virulence factors in the context of innate immunity?

Antibodies

Interferons

Capsules

Phagocytes

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of virulence factors: Virulence factors are molecules produced by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) that contribute to the pathogenicity and enable them to achieve colonization, immunoevasion, and immunosuppression.

Identify the role of capsules: Capsules are a type of virulence factor. They are polysaccharide layers that surround some bacteria, protecting them from phagocytosis by host immune cells, thus aiding in evading the host's innate immune response.

Differentiate between innate immunity components and virulence factors: Innate immunity includes components like phagocytes and interferons that are part of the host's defense mechanism, whereas virulence factors like capsules are produced by pathogens to counteract these defenses.

Analyze why antibodies and interferons are not virulence factors: Antibodies are part of the adaptive immune response, and interferons are proteins that help in the defense against viral infections. Both are host defense mechanisms, not factors that enhance pathogen virulence.

Conclude that capsules are the correct example of a virulence factor in the context of innate immunity, as they help pathogens evade the host's immune response.