Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Introduction to the Endocrine System

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Problem 11

Textbook Question

What six hormones primarily affect growth?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand that growth in the human body is regulated by a combination of hormones, which influence processes such as cell division, protein synthesis, and bone elongation.

Step 2: Identify the six primary hormones that affect growth: Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4), Insulin, Sex Hormones (Testosterone and Estrogen), Cortisol, and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1).

Step 3: Learn the role of Growth Hormone (GH), which is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates growth in tissues, especially bones and muscles, by promoting protein synthesis and cell division.

Step 4: Explore the role of Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4), which are produced by the thyroid gland and regulate metabolism, energy production, and overall growth by enhancing the effects of Growth Hormone.

Step 5: Understand the contributions of Insulin, Sex Hormones, Cortisol, and IGF-1, which work in coordination to regulate energy availability, puberty-related growth spurts, stress responses, and the amplification of Growth Hormone effects.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Growth Hormone (GH)

Growth Hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, is crucial for growth and development. It stimulates growth in tissues and bones, promoting protein synthesis and fat metabolism. GH levels are highest during childhood and adolescence, playing a key role in overall physical development.

Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)

Thyroid hormones, primarily triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), are essential for regulating metabolism and energy levels. They influence growth by promoting the development of the skeletal system and supporting the overall metabolic rate, which is vital during periods of growth.

Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1)

Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a hormone that mediates the effects of Growth Hormone. It promotes cell growth and development, particularly in muscle and bone tissues. IGF-1 levels increase in response to GH and are critical for normal growth and development during childhood and adolescence.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the release of:

(a) Thyroid hormones by the hypothalamus

(b) Gonadotropins by the adrenal glands

(d) Steroid hormones by the adrenal glands

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Textbook Question

A cell's hormonal sensitivities are determined by the:

(a) Chemical nature of the hormone

(b) Quantity of circulating hormone

(d) Presence or absence of appropriate receptors

(e) Thickness of its plasma membrane

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Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply. In the hormone-signaling pathway represented in the figure,_________ is the first messenger, and _______is the second messenger that will signal a change in cell activity.

Explain what mechanism of hormone action is occurring in this image. How does it work? Give an example of a hormone that uses this mechanism.

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Textbook Question

Describe the chemical nature of hormones.

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Textbook Question