Multiple Choice
Which type of blood cells are vital for normal blood clotting?
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17. The Blood
Platelets: Hemostasis
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Blood vessel spasms (vascular spasm) immediately following an injury are stimulated primarily by which of the following?
A
Erythropoietin release from the kidneys increasing red blood cell production
B
Bile salts from the liver enhancing fat digestion
C
Local pain receptors and platelet release of vasoconstrictors (e.g., serotonin)
D
Histamine release from mast cells causing vasodilation
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the context of vascular spasm, which is the immediate constriction of a blood vessel following injury to reduce blood loss.
Step 2: Identify the primary stimuli that trigger vascular spasm. These include signals from local pain receptors activated by injury and chemical signals released by platelets.
Step 3: Recognize that platelets release vasoconstrictors such as serotonin, which cause the smooth muscle in the vessel walls to contract, leading to vasoconstriction.
Step 4: Differentiate this from other options: erythropoietin affects red blood cell production, bile salts aid digestion, and histamine causes vasodilation, which is the opposite of vasoconstriction.
Step 5: Conclude that the immediate vascular spasm is primarily stimulated by local pain receptors and platelet release of vasoconstrictors like serotonin.
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