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Multiple Choice
Which of the following functions is regulated by the autonomic nervous system?
A
Language processing
B
Heart rate
C
Conscious thought
D
Voluntary muscle movement
Verified step by step guidance
1
Step 1: Begin by understanding the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is a division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary physiological functions, such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and glandular secretions. It operates without conscious control.
Step 2: Review the functions listed in the problem. Identify which functions are voluntary (under conscious control) and which are involuntary (regulated automatically by the body).
Step 3: Analyze 'Language processing' and 'Conscious thought.' These functions are associated with higher brain functions in the cerebral cortex and are under conscious control, not regulated by the ANS.
Step 4: Examine 'Voluntary muscle movement.' Voluntary movements are controlled by the somatic nervous system, which governs skeletal muscles and is under conscious control, not the ANS.
Step 5: Focus on 'Heart rate.' Heart rate is an involuntary function regulated by the autonomic nervous system, specifically through its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, which either increase or decrease heart rate depending on the body's needs.