Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Enzyme Activation Energy

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Enzyme Activation Energy

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2:49 minutes

Problem 15

Textbook Question

A biologist performed two series of experiments on lactase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose to glucose and galactose. First, she made up 10% lactose solutions containing different concentrations of enzyme and measured the rate at which galactose was produced (grams of galactose per minute). Results of these experiments are shown in Table A below. In the second series of experiments (Table B), she prepared 2% enzyme solutions containing different concentrations of lactose and again measured the rate of galactose production. (a)Graph and explain the relationship between the reaction rate and the enzyme concentration.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the variables in Table A. The independent variable is the enzyme concentration, and the dependent variable is the reaction rate.

Step 2: Plot the data from Table A on a graph with enzyme concentration on the x-axis and reaction rate on the y-axis.

Step 3: Analyze the graph to observe the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate. Note how the reaction rate changes as enzyme concentration increases.

Step 4: Explain the observed relationship. Typically, as enzyme concentration increases, the reaction rate increases until it reaches a maximum rate where all substrate molecules are being processed.

Step 5: Discuss any potential reasons for the observed trend, such as enzyme saturation or the availability of substrate molecules.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Enzyme Concentration

Enzyme concentration refers to the amount of enzyme present in a reaction mixture. Generally, an increase in enzyme concentration leads to a higher reaction rate, as more enzyme molecules are available to catalyze the reaction. However, this relationship can plateau when substrate concentration becomes limiting, indicating that all substrate molecules are being processed.

Substrate Concentration

Substrate concentration is the amount of substrate available for the enzyme to act upon. In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, increasing substrate concentration typically increases the reaction rate up to a certain point, after which the rate levels off due to saturation of the enzyme's active sites. This phenomenon is crucial for understanding enzyme kinetics and the efficiency of enzyme action.

Reaction Rate

Reaction rate is the speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction, often measured in terms of product formation over time. In the context of enzyme activity, the reaction rate can be influenced by factors such as enzyme and substrate concentrations, temperature, and pH. Understanding how these factors affect the reaction rate is essential for analyzing enzyme kinetics.