Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

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Problem 3

Textbook Question

Which of the following hormones is/are produced by the posterior pituitary?
a. Antidiuretic hormone
b. Oxytocin
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the role of the posterior pituitary gland. The posterior pituitary does not produce hormones itself; instead, it stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

Step 2: Identify the two main hormones associated with the posterior pituitary. These are antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin) and oxytocin, both synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary for storage and release.

Step 3: Clarify the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH helps regulate water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Step 4: Clarify the function of oxytocin. Oxytocin is involved in uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.

Step 5: Based on the information above, determine whether the posterior pituitary is associated with the release of both hormones (ADH and oxytocin), neither, or just one of them.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Posterior Pituitary Gland

The posterior pituitary gland, also known as the neurohypophysis, is a part of the endocrine system that stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. It does not synthesize hormones itself but plays a crucial role in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin into the bloodstream.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It regulates water balance in the body by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating urine and reducing water loss, which is vital for maintaining fluid homeostasis.

Oxytocin

Oxytocin is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It plays a significant role in childbirth by stimulating uterine contractions and is also involved in social bonding, emotional responses, and lactation, making it essential for maternal behaviors and attachment.

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