Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

7. The Skeletal System

The Spine

Anatomy & Physiology

7. The Skeletal System

The Spine

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Problem 9

Textbook Question

Transverse foramina are a characteristic of which kind of vertebra?

a. Thoracic
b. Lumbar
c. Sacral
d. Cervical

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the anatomy of the vertebrae: The vertebral column is divided into different regions—cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. Each region has unique characteristics that distinguish its vertebrae.

Learn about transverse foramina: Transverse foramina are openings found in the transverse processes of certain vertebrae. These foramina allow the passage of the vertebral arteries, veins, and associated nerves.

Identify the vertebrae with transverse foramina: Transverse foramina are a defining feature of cervical vertebrae. These foramina are present in all cervical vertebrae except for the seventh (C7), where they may be smaller or absent.

Eliminate other options: Thoracic vertebrae are characterized by facets for rib articulation, lumbar vertebrae are large and robust to support weight, and sacral vertebrae are fused to form the sacrum. None of these have transverse foramina.

Conclude that the correct answer is cervical vertebrae, as they are the only type of vertebrae with transverse foramina.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Transverse Foramina

Transverse foramina are small openings located in the transverse processes of certain vertebrae. They serve as passageways for the vertebral arteries and veins, which supply blood to the brain. This anatomical feature is primarily found in cervical vertebrae, distinguishing them from other types of vertebrae.

Cervical Vertebrae

Cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae located in the neck region of the spine, labeled C1 to C7. They are characterized by their smaller size and unique features, such as the presence of transverse foramina. These vertebrae support the head and allow for a wide range of motion, including rotation and flexion.

Vertebral Column Anatomy

The vertebral column, or spine, is composed of 33 vertebrae divided into five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. Each region has distinct characteristics and functions, with cervical vertebrae being specialized for mobility and protection of the spinal cord. Understanding the anatomy of the vertebral column is essential for identifying the specific features of different vertebrae.

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