Rochelle developed multiple sclerosis when she was 27. After eight years she had lost a good portion of her ability to control her skeletal muscles. How did this happen?

The anatomical region of a multipolar neuron where the AP is initiated is the

a. Soma

b. Dendrites

c. Axon's initial segment

d. Axon terminals

What is the polarized membrane state? How is it maintained? (Note the relative roles of both passive and active mechanisms.)

Describe the events that must occur to generate an AP. Relate the sequence of changes in permeability to changes in the ion channels, and explain why the AP is an all-or-none phenomenon.

When admitted to the emergency room, Sean was holding his right hand, which had a deep puncture hole in its palm. He explained that he had fallen on a nail while exploring a barn. Sean was given an antitetanus shot to prevent neural complications. Tetanus bacteria fester in deep, dark wounds, but how do their toxins travel in neural tissue?

Describe the three components of the neuromuscular junction.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The Na⁺/K⁺ pumps and gated channels maintain the Na⁺ and K⁺ gradients necessary for action potentials to occur.

The drug neostigmine blocks the actions of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft. What effect would this have on synaptic transmission? What effects might you expect to see as a result of this drug?