Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

22. The Respiratory System

Introduction to Lung Physiology

Anatomy & Physiology

22. The Respiratory System

Introduction to Lung Physiology

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Multiple Choice

Why is the first breath of air particularly difficult for a neonate to take?

The lungs are filled with amniotic fluid that must be expelled.

The alveoli are collapsed and require significant pressure to open.

The trachea is initially blocked by mucus.

The diaphragm is not yet fully developed in neonates.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the anatomy of the neonate's respiratory system: At birth, a neonate's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid, and the alveoli are collapsed. The first breath requires the neonate to expel this fluid and inflate the alveoli.

Recognize the role of alveoli in breathing: Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. For effective breathing, these sacs must be open and filled with air.

Identify the pressure needed to open alveoli: The first breath requires significant pressure to overcome the surface tension and open the collapsed alveoli, allowing air to fill the lungs.

Consider the role of surfactant: Surfactant is a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, making it easier for them to expand. In neonates, surfactant production may be insufficient, contributing to the difficulty of the first breath.

Evaluate other factors: While the diaphragm and mucus can play roles in breathing, the primary challenge for neonates is the pressure needed to open the collapsed alveoli.