Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Central Dogma

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Central Dogma

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1:16 minutes

Problem 1

Textbook Question

Check your understanding of the flow of genetic information through a cell by filling in the blanks. a.b.c. d. e. f. g. h. i.

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Identify the monomers that make up DNA, which are nucleotides.

Determine the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is transcription.

Identify the enzyme responsible for transcription, which is RNA polymerase.

List the three types of RNA: mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Identify the process by which RNA is translated into protein, which is translation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

DNA Structure and Function

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a polymer composed of nucleotide monomers. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. DNA serves as the genetic blueprint for living organisms, encoding the instructions necessary for the development, functioning, and reproduction of cells.

Transcription

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is facilitated by the enzyme RNA polymerase, which synthesizes RNA by reading the DNA template. Transcription is a crucial step in gene expression, allowing the information in DNA to be translated into functional proteins.

Translation

Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is decoded to synthesize proteins. This occurs in ribosomes, which are complex structures made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into polypeptide chains, forming proteins that perform various functions in the cell.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

b. What three basic components make up a nucleotide of RNA?

Multiple Choice

According to the central dogma, what is the intermediate molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell that should go in the blank? DNA → ________ → Proteins

The full process by which genotype becomes expressed as phenotype is called:

How is the information encoded in DNA actually used by organisms?

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