As the aroma of freshly brewed coffee drifted by dozing Henry's nose, his mouth started to water and his stomach began to rumble. Explain his reactions in terms of ANS activity.

The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiological functions, including heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which work together to maintain homeostasis. In the context of Henry's reactions, the ANS plays a crucial role in mediating the body's response to stimuli, such as the aroma of coffee.

The sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS have opposing effects on the body. The sympathetic system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, increasing heart rate and energy mobilization, while the parasympathetic system promotes 'rest and digest' activities, enhancing digestion and relaxation. Henry's mouth watering and stomach rumbling indicate a parasympathetic response, signaling his body to prepare for food intake.

Conditioned responses are learned reactions to specific stimuli based on past experiences. In Henry's case, the aroma of coffee likely triggers a conditioned response due to previous associations with the pleasure of drinking coffee. This learned behavior activates the ANS, leading to physiological changes such as salivation and increased gastric activity, preparing his body for the anticipated consumption of coffee.