Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

9. Muscle Tissue

Steps of Muscle Contraction

Anatomy & Physiology

9. Muscle Tissue

Steps of Muscle Contraction

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2:59 minutes

Problem 19

Textbook Question

Tell where each of the three types of muscle tissue would be found in the body. What is meant by the statement, 'Smooth muscles are involuntary in action'?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the three types of muscle tissue in the body: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Each type has distinct characteristics and locations.

Step 2: Explain where skeletal muscle is found. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and are responsible for voluntary movements, such as walking or lifting objects.

Step 3: Describe the location of cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is found exclusively in the walls of the heart, where it contracts rhythmically to pump blood throughout the body.

Step 4: Discuss where smooth muscle is located. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, intestines, blood vessels, and the bladder. It helps move substances through these organs by contracting and relaxing.

Step 5: Clarify the meaning of 'Smooth muscles are involuntary in action.' This statement refers to the fact that smooth muscle contractions are controlled automatically by the autonomic nervous system, without conscious effort or control by the individual.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Types of Muscle Tissue

There are three types of muscle tissue in the human body: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary movements. Cardiac muscle makes up the heart and is responsible for pumping blood, while smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the intestines and blood vessels, facilitating involuntary movements.

Involuntary vs. Voluntary Muscle Control

Muscle control can be classified as voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary muscles, like skeletal muscles, are under conscious control, allowing for deliberate movements. In contrast, involuntary muscles, such as smooth and cardiac muscles, operate automatically without conscious thought, regulating essential functions like digestion and heartbeats.

Function of Smooth Muscle

Smooth muscle tissue is primarily responsible for involuntary actions within the body. It is found in various organs, such as the stomach and blood vessels, where it helps regulate processes like peristalsis and blood flow. The term 'involuntary' indicates that these muscles contract and relax automatically, controlled by the autonomic nervous system rather than conscious effort.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

A muscle fiber relaxes when:

a. The concentration of Ca²⁺ in the cytosol returns to resting levels.

b. The supply of ATP is exhausted.

c. Ca²⁺ flood the cytosol.

d. Acetylcholine is released from the axon terminal and the sarcolemma depolarizes.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following energy sources would provide the majority of the ATP for a person running a 26-mile marathon?

a. Stored ATP

b. Glycolytic catabolism

c. Oxidative catabolism

d. Creatine phosphate

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Stimulation by a motor neuron before a muscle fiber has fully relaxed results in a condition called wave summation.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

A muscle fiber changes length during isotonic concentric and isotonic eccentric contractions.

Linda's father suffers an apparent heart attack and is rushed to the emergency room of the local hospital. The doctor on call tells her that he has ordered some blood work and that he will be able to tell if her father actually had a heart attack by looking at the blood levels of CK and cardiac troponin. Why would knowing the level of CK and cardiac troponin help to indicate if a person suffered a heart attack?

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Textbook Question

Describe the events that occur from the time calcium ions enter the axon terminal at the neuromuscular junction until muscle cell contraction occurs.

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Textbook Question

After ACh attaches to its receptors at the neuromuscular junction, what is the next step?

a. Sodium channels open

b. Calcium binds to regulatory proteins on the thin filaments

c. Cross bridges attach

d. ATP is hydrolyzed

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Textbook Question

Chemical A binds and blocks acetylcholine receptors of muscle cells. Chemical B floods the cytoplasm of muscle cells with calcium ions. Which chemical would make the best muscle relaxant, and why?

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