Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

12. The Central Nervous System

Introduction to the Central Nervous System

Anatomy & Physiology

12. The Central Nervous System

Introduction to the Central Nervous System

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Problem 1

Textbook Question

Which of the following statements about the general functions of the nervous system is false?
a. The three primary functions of the nervous system include sensory, integrative, and motor functions.
b. The integrative functions of the nervous system are its processing functions.
c. Sensory stimuli are transmitted on sensory efferent fibers to a sensory receptor.
d. Motor functions are carried out by fibers that carry signals to an effector.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Begin by understanding the three primary functions of the nervous system: sensory, integrative, and motor functions. Sensory functions involve detecting stimuli from the environment or within the body, integrative functions involve processing and interpreting sensory input, and motor functions involve responding to stimuli by activating effectors such as muscles or glands.

Step 2: Analyze each statement in the problem to determine its accuracy. For example, statement (a) correctly identifies the three primary functions of the nervous system: sensory, integrative, and motor functions.

Step 3: Evaluate statement (b). The integrative functions of the nervous system indeed involve processing sensory input, making decisions, and coordinating responses. This statement is accurate.

Step 4: Examine statement (c). Sensory stimuli are transmitted on sensory afferent fibers (not efferent fibers) to the central nervous system, not to a sensory receptor. This makes statement (c) false.

Step 5: Review statement (d). Motor functions are carried out by motor (efferent) fibers that transmit signals from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles or glands. This statement is correct. Therefore, the false statement is (c).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functions of the Nervous System

The nervous system has three primary functions: sensory, integrative, and motor. Sensory functions involve receiving stimuli from the environment, integrative functions process this information to make decisions, and motor functions execute responses by sending signals to muscles or glands.

Sensory and Efferent Fibers

Sensory fibers, also known as afferent fibers, carry signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. In contrast, efferent fibers transmit signals from the central nervous system to effectors, such as muscles or glands, facilitating a response to stimuli.

Integrative Functions

Integrative functions of the nervous system refer to the processing and interpretation of sensory information. This involves analyzing incoming data, making decisions, and coordinating appropriate responses, which are crucial for effective interaction with the environment.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make it a true statement.

Axons arise from the axon hillock.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make it a true statement.

Substances can move toward or away from the cell body through the axon via fast axonal transport.

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Textbook Question

An axon is best defined as a process that:

a. Transmits signals only toward the cell body.

b. Can generate action potentials.

c. Transmits signals only away from the cell body.

d. Cannot generate action potentials

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Textbook Question

The myelinated segment of an axon that is covered by a glial cell is called a/an ________; the gaps between glial cells where the axolemma is exposed are called ________.

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Textbook Question

The only cranial nerves that are attached to the cerebrum are the____ nerves.

(a) optic

(b) oculomotor

(d) olfactory

(e) abducens

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Textbook Question

Why must a cell body be intact for an axon to regenerate? (Hint: What structure is housed only in the cell body, and what are its functions?)