Multiple Choice
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for increasing heart rate during and after strenuous exercise in a student-athlete?
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14. The Autonomic Nervous System
Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System
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Which of the following correctly lists the main components of the signaling pathway in the autonomic nervous system?
A
Preganglionic neuron, autonomic ganglion, postganglionic neuron, effector organ
B
Cerebral cortex, cranial nerve, sensory receptor, effector organ
C
Interneuron, dorsal root ganglion, effector cell
D
Sensory neuron, spinal cord, motor neuron, skeletal muscle
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the autonomic nervous system (ANS) signaling pathway. The ANS is responsible for involuntary control of body functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It involves a two-neuron chain: preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.
Step 2: Identify the components of the signaling pathway in the ANS. The pathway typically starts with a preganglionic neuron, which originates in the central nervous system (CNS) and synapses in an autonomic ganglion.
Step 3: Recognize the role of the autonomic ganglion. This is where the preganglionic neuron communicates with the postganglionic neuron via neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine.
Step 4: Follow the postganglionic neuron to the effector organ. The postganglionic neuron extends from the autonomic ganglion to the target effector organ, such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands, to elicit a response.
Step 5: Compare the options provided in the problem. The correct sequence for the ANS signaling pathway is: Preganglionic neuron → autonomic ganglion → postganglionic neuron → effector organ. This matches the first option listed in the problem.
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