Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

12. The Central Nervous System

The Cerebrum

Anatomy & Physiology

12. The Central Nervous System

The Cerebrum

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3:23 minutes

Problem 16

Textbook Question

a. Make a rough drawing of the lateral aspect of the left cerebral hemisphere.
b. You may be thinking, 'But I just can't draw!' So, name the hemisphere involved with most people's ability to draw.
c. On your drawing, locate the following areas and provide the major function of each: primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, somatosensory association cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, visual and auditory areas, prefrontal cortex, Wernicke's and Broca's areas.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Begin by understanding the lateral aspect of the left cerebral hemisphere. The lateral view shows the outer surface of the brain, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. Familiarize yourself with the general layout of these lobes to guide your drawing.

Step 2: Identify the hemisphere involved in most people's ability to draw. For most individuals, the right cerebral hemisphere is responsible for spatial and creative tasks, including drawing. This is because the right hemisphere is typically dominant for visual-spatial skills and artistic abilities.

Step 3: On your rough drawing of the left cerebral hemisphere, locate the primary motor cortex. This area is found in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe and is responsible for voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles. Label this area on your drawing.

Step 4: Next, locate the primary somatosensory cortex, which is found in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe. This area processes sensory information such as touch, pressure, and pain. Label this area and note its function.

Step 5: Continue labeling the remaining areas: (a) Premotor cortex (anterior to the primary motor cortex, involved in planning movements), (b) Somatosensory association cortex (posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex, integrates sensory input), (c) Visual areas (occipital lobe, processes visual information), (d) Auditory areas (temporal lobe, processes sound), (e) Prefrontal cortex (frontal lobe, involved in decision-making and personality), (f) Wernicke's area (temporal lobe, involved in language comprehension), and (g) Broca's area (frontal lobe, involved in speech production). Label each area and write down its major function.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cerebral Hemispheres

The brain is divided into two hemispheres, the left and right, each responsible for different functions. The left hemisphere is typically associated with language, analytical thinking, and motor control of the right side of the body, while the right hemisphere is linked to creativity, spatial abilities, and motor control of the left side. Understanding the roles of these hemispheres is crucial for tasks involving drawing and language processing.

Cortex Areas and Their Functions

The cerebral cortex is divided into various areas, each with specific functions. The primary motor cortex controls voluntary movements, the primary somatosensory cortex processes sensory information, and the prefrontal cortex is involved in complex cognitive behavior. Wernicke's area is crucial for language comprehension, while Broca's area is essential for speech production. Recognizing these areas helps in understanding their contributions to drawing and other cognitive tasks.

Motor and Sensory Pathways

Motor and sensory pathways are essential for coordinating movement and processing sensory information. The primary motor cortex sends signals to muscles for movement, while the somatosensory cortex receives and interprets sensory data from the body. Understanding these pathways is vital for comprehending how the brain enables actions like drawing and how sensory feedback influences these actions.