Textbook Question
The RNA species that travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm carrying the coded message specifying the sequence of amino acids in the protein to be made is
a. mRNA
b. tRNA
c. rRNA
d. all of these
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29. Heredity
Factors Affecting Gene Expression
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The full process by which genotype becomes expressed as phenotype is called:
A
Transcription.
B
Translation.
C
DNA Replication.
D
Gene expression.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the key terms in the question: 'genotype' refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while 'phenotype' refers to the observable traits or characteristics that result from the expression of those genes.
Recognize that the process by which genetic information (genotype) is converted into functional products (phenotype) involves multiple steps, collectively referred to as 'gene expression.'
Break down the components of gene expression: (1) Transcription, where DNA is used as a template to synthesize messenger RNA (mRNA), and (2) Translation, where the mRNA is used as a template to assemble amino acids into a protein.
Clarify why the other options are not correct: (1) Transcription is a part of gene expression but not the entire process, (2) Translation is also a part of gene expression but not the entire process, and (3) DNA replication is unrelated to the expression of genes, as it involves copying DNA for cell division.
Conclude that the full process by which genotype becomes expressed as phenotype is called 'gene expression,' as it encompasses both transcription and translation, leading to the production of proteins that determine the phenotype.
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