Normal arterial blood pH is __________.

Refer to the diagnostic flowchart in Spotlight Figure 27–18. Use information from the blood test results in the accompanying table to categorize the suspected acid-base disorders of the patients represented in the table.

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How do respiratory and renal mechanisms support the buffer systems?

Differentiate between respiratory compensation and renal compensation.

The most recent advice from medical and nutritional experts is to monitor one’s intake of salt so that it does not exceed the amount needed to maintain a constant ECF volume. What effect does excessive salt ingestion have on blood pressure?