Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

10. Muscles

Muscle Naming

Anatomy & Physiology

10. Muscles

Muscle Naming

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1:56 minutes

Problem 19

Textbook Question

a. Name the four muscle pairs that act in unison to compress the abdominal contents.
b. How does their arrangement (fiber direction) contribute to the strength of the abdominal wall?
c. Which of these muscles can effect lateral rotation of the spine?
d. Which can act alone to flex the spine?

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the four muscle pairs responsible for compressing the abdominal contents: These are the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis. Each of these muscles plays a role in stabilizing and compressing the abdominal cavity.

Explain how the arrangement of muscle fibers contributes to strength: The external oblique fibers run diagonally downward and medially, the internal oblique fibers run diagonally upward and medially, the transversus abdominis fibers run horizontally, and the rectus abdominis fibers run vertically. This crisscross arrangement of fibers provides multidirectional support, enhancing the strength and durability of the abdominal wall.

Determine which muscles effect lateral rotation of the spine: The external oblique and internal oblique muscles are involved in lateral rotation of the spine. When one side contracts, it pulls the torso in the direction of the contraction, enabling rotation.

Identify the muscle that can act alone to flex the spine: The rectus abdominis muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the spine. When it contracts, it pulls the ribcage toward the pelvis, resulting in spinal flexion.

Summarize the functional roles of these muscles: Together, these muscles not only compress the abdominal contents but also contribute to movements such as rotation, flexion, and stabilization of the spine, ensuring proper posture and protection of internal organs.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Abdominal Muscle Pairs

The four primary muscle pairs that compress the abdominal contents are the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis. Each of these muscles plays a crucial role in maintaining intra-abdominal pressure, supporting the spine, and facilitating movements such as bending and twisting.

Fiber Direction and Strength

The arrangement of muscle fibers in the abdominal wall contributes significantly to its strength and stability. For instance, the fibers of the external oblique run diagonally, while the internal oblique fibers run in the opposite diagonal direction, creating a crisscross pattern that enhances the wall's ability to withstand forces and maintain posture.

Spinal Movement and Muscle Function

Certain abdominal muscles are responsible for specific movements of the spine. The external and internal obliques facilitate lateral rotation of the spine, while the rectus abdominis primarily acts to flex the spine. Understanding these functions is essential for analyzing how these muscles contribute to overall core stability and movement.

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a. Name the four muscle pairs that act in unison to compress the abdominal contents.b. How does their arrangement (fiber direction) contribute to the strength of the abdominal wall?c. Which of these muscles can effect lateral rotation of the spine?d. Which can act alone to flex the spine?

Key Concepts

Abdominal Muscle Pairs

Fiber Direction and Strength

Spinal Movement and Muscle Function

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a. Name the four muscle pairs that act in unison to compress the abdominal contents.
b. How does their arrangement (fiber direction) contribute to the strength of the abdominal wall?
c. Which of these muscles can effect lateral rotation of the spine?
d. Which can act alone to flex the spine?