Multiple Choice
Which organs are primarily involved in the synthesis of calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?
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16. The Endocrine System
Introduction to the Endocrine System
2:47 minutesProblem 25
Textbook Question
Amanda Healy, a young woman with severe vaginal bleeding, is admitted to the emergency room. She is three months pregnant, and the physician is concerned about the volume of blood she is losing.
What type of transfusion will probably be given to this patient?
Which blood tests will be performed before starting the transfusion?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the clinical context. Amanda is three months pregnant and experiencing severe vaginal bleeding, which suggests a significant blood loss that may require a blood transfusion to restore her blood volume and oxygen-carrying capacity.
Step 2: Identify the type of transfusion likely needed. In cases of acute blood loss, the most common transfusion is packed red blood cells (PRBCs), which help increase the oxygen-carrying capacity without adding excess fluid volume.
Step 3: Recognize the importance of blood compatibility testing before transfusion. To prevent transfusion reactions, the patient's blood type and compatibility must be determined.
Step 4: List the blood tests performed before transfusion. These typically include ABO blood grouping, Rh typing, and crossmatching. ABO grouping identifies the blood group (A, B, AB, or O), Rh typing determines the presence or absence of the Rh factor, and crossmatching tests the compatibility between donor and recipient blood.
Step 5: Summarize the process. Before transfusion, the medical team will draw a blood sample from Amanda to perform ABO and Rh typing and crossmatching to ensure the transfused blood is safe and compatible.
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2mKey Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Types of Blood Transfusions
Blood transfusions involve transferring blood or blood components to a patient. In cases of severe bleeding, packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are commonly given to restore oxygen-carrying capacity. Other components like plasma or platelets may be used depending on the patient's coagulation status and platelet count.
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Pre-Transfusion Blood Tests
Before transfusion, blood tests such as blood typing (ABO and Rh) and crossmatching are essential to ensure compatibility and prevent transfusion reactions. Additional tests may include a complete blood count (CBC) and coagulation profile to assess the patient's current status and guide transfusion needs.
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Clinical Considerations in Pregnancy and Hemorrhage
Pregnant patients with severe bleeding require careful management due to risks to both mother and fetus. The type and volume of transfusion must consider maternal blood loss, fetal well-being, and potential complications like alloimmunization. Prompt stabilization and monitoring are critical in such emergencies.
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