Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions

Anatomy & Physiology

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions

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Problem L3.3

Textbook Question

Later that same day, the surgeon performs a procedure on Ms. Norman's right kidney. She makes the incision in the right posterior lumbar region. Will she cut through the same serous membrane(s) and cavities as in the previous procedure? Why or why not? How would this change if the incision were made on the anterior lumbar region?

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the anatomy of the lumbar region: The lumbar region is located in the lower back, between the thoracic region and the sacral region. The posterior lumbar region refers to the back side, while the anterior lumbar region refers to the front side of the body.

Identify the serous membranes and cavities involved: Serous membranes are thin tissues that line certain internal cavities and cover organs. The peritoneum is the serous membrane associated with the abdominal cavity, while the pleura and pericardium are associated with the thoracic cavity. The kidneys are retroperitoneal, meaning they are located behind the peritoneum and are not enclosed within the peritoneal cavity.

Analyze the posterior lumbar incision: If the surgeon makes an incision in the posterior lumbar region, she will not cut through the peritoneum or enter the peritoneal cavity because the kidneys are located behind the peritoneum. The incision will primarily involve cutting through the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, and fascia of the back to access the kidney.

Compare with an anterior lumbar incision: If the incision were made in the anterior lumbar region, the surgeon would need to navigate through the abdominal wall and potentially displace or cut through the peritoneum to access the kidney. This would involve entering the peritoneal cavity, unlike the posterior approach.

Conclude the differences: The posterior lumbar incision avoids cutting through the peritoneum and entering the peritoneal cavity, while the anterior lumbar incision involves the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity. This distinction is important for understanding the surgical approach and potential complications.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Serous Membranes

Serous membranes are thin layers of tissue that line body cavities and cover organs, producing serous fluid to reduce friction. In the context of the kidneys, the peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. Understanding the location and function of these membranes is crucial for determining whether the surgeon will encounter them during the incision.

Anatomical Regions

The body is divided into various anatomical regions, such as the anterior (front) and posterior (back) lumbar regions. The right posterior lumbar region is located at the back, while the anterior lumbar region is at the front. The choice of incision location affects which structures and membranes are encountered, influencing surgical access and potential complications.

Surgical Approach

The surgical approach refers to the method and location of incision made by the surgeon to access a specific organ or area. Different approaches can lead to different anatomical structures being cut or preserved. In this case, an incision in the posterior lumbar region may involve different serous membranes compared to an anterior approach, affecting the surgical outcome and recovery.

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Textbook Question

Ms. Norman presents to the clinic with right upper quadrant pain. Predict the organs and cavities that may be involved in causing her pain.

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Textbook Question

The two main divisions of the anterior body cavity are the _______ and ______ and______body cavities.

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Textbook Question

Which organs would you expect to find in the left upper quadrant?

a. Spleen, liver, appendix

b. Liver, ovary, spleen

c. Spleen, stomach, pancreas

d. Gallbladder, liver, large intestine

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Textbook Question

During a procedure on Ms. Norman's pancreas, a surgeon makes the initial incision in the left anterior hypochondriac region. List all the organs, serous membranes, and body cavities that the surgeon will encounter as she moves through the body to get to the pancreas. (Hint: Refer to A&P in the Real World: Abdominal Pain for help.)

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Multiple Choice

Identify two organs of the left upper quadrant. You may use the diagram for reference.

Tenderness in the right lower quadrant could indicate what? You may use the diagram for reference.

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