Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Steps of Translation

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Steps of Translation

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Problem 2

Textbook Question

Where is the start codon located?a. at the start (5′ end) of the mRNAb. in the DNA just upstream of where transcription startsc. at the downstream end of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR)d. at the upstream end of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR)

Verified step by step guidance

Understand that the start codon is a specific sequence of nucleotides in mRNA that signals the start of translation.

Recall that the start codon is typically AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine.

Consider the structure of mRNA, which includes regions such as the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and the coding sequence.

Identify that the start codon is located at the beginning of the coding sequence, which follows the 5′ UTR.

Conclude that the start codon is at the downstream end of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), which corresponds to option c.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Start Codon

The start codon is a specific sequence of nucleotides in mRNA that signals the beginning of translation. It is typically the codon AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine. This codon is crucial for ribosomes to recognize where to begin synthesizing a protein.

mRNA Structure

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. The 5' end of mRNA is capped, and it contains a 5' untranslated region (UTR) before the start codon, which plays a role in the regulation of translation.

Transcription and Translation

Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied into mRNA, while translation is the subsequent process where ribosomes read the mRNA to synthesize proteins. The start codon is essential in translation, as it marks the point where the ribosome begins to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.