Textbook Question
Both newborn infants and aged individuals have very little subcutaneous tissue. How does this affect their sensitivity to cold environmental temperature?
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Ch. 4 Skin and Body Membranes
Marieb13th EditionEssentials of Human Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780135624340
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation23
- Ch. 2 Basic Chemistry22
- Ch. 3 Cells and Tissues20
- Ch. 4 Skin and Body Membranes13
- Ch. 5 The Skeletal System38
- Ch. 6 The Muscular System26
- Ch. 7 The Nervous System26
- Ch. 8 Special Senses12
- Ch. 9 The Endocrine System24
- Ch. 10 Blood22
- Ch. 11 Cardiovascular System29
- Ch. 12 The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses21
- Ch. 13 The Respiratory System7
- Ch. 14 The Digestive System and Body Metabolism13
- Ch. 15 The Urinary System23
- Ch. 16 The Reproductive System15
Marieb13th EditionEssentials of Human Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780135624340Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 4, Problem 20
Rebecca, the mother of a 13-month-old infant, brings her child to the clinic because his skin has turned orange. Why does the pediatrician inquire about the child’s diet?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the condition: The orange discoloration of the skin is likely due to carotenemia, a harmless condition caused by excessive consumption of carotene-rich foods. Carotene is a pigment found in certain fruits and vegetables.
Explain the physiology: Carotene is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and stored in the subcutaneous fat. When consumed in large amounts, it can accumulate and cause a yellow-orange tint to the skin, especially on the palms and soles.
Identify dietary sources: The pediatrician asks about the child’s diet to determine if the infant has been consuming large quantities of carotene-rich foods such as carrots, sweet potatoes, squash, or other orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.
Rule out other conditions: The pediatrician needs to ensure the discoloration is not due to jaundice or other medical conditions. Jaundice, caused by elevated bilirubin levels, typically affects the sclera (whites of the eyes) in addition to the skin, whereas carotenemia does not.
Provide dietary advice: If carotenemia is confirmed, the pediatrician may recommend moderating the intake of carotene-rich foods to reduce the skin discoloration. The condition is benign and reversible with dietary adjustments.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Carotenemia
Carotenemia is a condition characterized by yellow-orange discoloration of the skin due to excessive intake of carotenoids, which are pigments found in fruits and vegetables. This condition is often harmless and can occur when a diet is high in foods like carrots, sweet potatoes, and squash. Understanding carotenemia is essential for the pediatrician to determine if the child's skin color change is diet-related.
Nutritional Assessment
A nutritional assessment involves evaluating an individual's dietary intake and nutritional status. For infants, this includes understanding their food preferences, allergies, and any recent changes in diet. The pediatrician's inquiry about the child's diet is crucial to identify potential causes of the skin discoloration and ensure the child is receiving a balanced diet.
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Infant Dietary Needs
Infant dietary needs are specific nutritional requirements that support growth and development during the first years of life. At 13 months, children typically transition to a variety of solid foods, and their diets should include a balance of fruits, vegetables, proteins, and grains. Recognizing these needs helps the pediatrician assess whether the child's diet may be contributing to the observed skin changes.
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Roger, a 40-year-old man who loves spending time on the beach, is complaining to you that his suntan made him popular when he was young—but now his face is all wrinkled, and he has several darkly pigmented moles that are growing rapidly and are as big as large coins. He shows you the moles, and immediately you think “ABCDE.” What does that mean, and why should he be concerned?
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Mr. Grayson is receiving a drug treatment transdermally (through the skin). Explain why drugs delivered by this route are fat-soluble rather than water-soluble.
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A burn victim exhibits a red and swollen arm with blistering; a hand that has been charred black, exposing bone; and a cheek that appears blanched. How serious is each burn, and is this patient critical? Explain.
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Textbook Question
More than one choice may apply.
Which layer of the heart wall is an endothelium?
a. Endocardium
b. Myocardium
c. Epicardium
d. Pericardium
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