Multiple Choice
In a reflex arc, the muscle fiber or gland that responds to the efferent impulses is known as the __________.
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13. The Peripheral Nervous System
Introduction to Reflex Arcs
Problem 6
Textbook Question
The following are the steps involved in a neural reflex.
1. Activation of a sensory neuron
2. Activation of a motor neuron
3. Response by an effector
4. Arrival of a stimulus and activation of a receptor
5. Information processing
The proper sequence of these steps is
(a) 1, 3, 4, 5, 2
(b) 4, 5, 3, 1, 2
(c) 4, 1, 5, 2, 3
(d) 4, 3, 1, 5, 2
(e) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Identify the starting point of a neural reflex, which is the arrival of a stimulus and activation of a receptor. This means the process begins when a sensory receptor detects a stimulus.
Step 2: After the receptor is activated, the sensory neuron is stimulated to send the signal toward the central nervous system. So, activation of the sensory neuron follows the receptor activation.
Step 3: Once the sensory neuron carries the information to the central nervous system, the information is processed. This involves integration and decision-making within the spinal cord or brain.
Step 4: After processing, the motor neuron is activated to carry the response signal away from the central nervous system toward the effector organ.
Step 5: Finally, the effector (such as a muscle or gland) responds to the motor neuron signal, completing the reflex action.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Sequence of Neural Reflex Arc
A neural reflex follows a specific sequence starting with the arrival of a stimulus that activates a receptor. This triggers a sensory neuron to send signals to the central nervous system, where information processing occurs. The processed signal then activates a motor neuron, which stimulates an effector to produce a response.
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Role of Sensory and Motor Neurons
Sensory neurons carry information from receptors detecting stimuli to the central nervous system. Motor neurons transmit commands from the central nervous system to effectors like muscles or glands, enabling a physical response. Their activation is crucial for completing the reflex arc.
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Information Processing in the Central Nervous System
Information processing involves the integration and interpretation of sensory input within the central nervous system, often in the spinal cord or brain. This step determines the appropriate motor output, ensuring a rapid and coordinated reflex action without conscious thought.
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