Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

21. The Immune System

T Dependent & T Independent Antigens

Anatomy & Physiology

21. The Immune System

T Dependent & T Independent Antigens

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Multiple Choice

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin found on the surface of gram-negative bacteria. LPS can cause the body to enter septic shock and result in multi-system organ failure. Because of its severe effects, it is important that the immune cells react quickly to LPS. LPS is an antigen that can directly trigger antibody secretion once it comes in contact with a B cell. LPS is what kind of antigen?

T-independent antigen.

Direct antigen.

T-dependent antigen.

B-independent antigen.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of antigens: Antigens are substances that can induce an immune response, and they are recognized by immune cells such as B cells and T cells.

Differentiate between T-dependent and T-independent antigens: T-dependent antigens require the assistance of T-helper cells to stimulate B cells to produce antibodies, while T-independent antigens can directly stimulate B cells without T-helper cell involvement.

Analyze the problem statement: The problem states that LPS can directly trigger antibody secretion upon contact with a B cell, indicating that it does not require T-helper cells for this process.

Identify the type of antigen: Based on the ability of LPS to directly stimulate B cells, it is classified as a T-independent antigen.

Conclude with the correct classification: Given the characteristics of LPS as described, it is a T-independent antigen, which aligns with the provided options.