Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

Fluid Balance

Anatomy & Physiology

26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

Fluid Balance

Previous problemNext problem

Problem 10

Textbook Question

Identify four hormones that mediate major physiological adjustments affecting fluid and electrolyte balance. What are the primary effects of each hormone?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the role of hormones in fluid and electrolyte balance. Hormones regulate processes such as water retention, sodium and potassium balance, and blood pressure to maintain homeostasis.

Step 2: Identify the first hormone, Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH). ADH is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and increases water reabsorption in the kidneys by making the collecting ducts more permeable to water.

Step 3: Identify the second hormone, Aldosterone. Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys, which indirectly helps retain water and regulate blood pressure.

Step 4: Identify the third hormone, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP). ANP is secreted by the atria of the heart in response to increased blood volume and pressure. It reduces sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased urine output and decreased blood pressure.

Step 5: Identify the fourth hormone, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH). PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands and regulates calcium levels in the blood. It indirectly affects fluid balance by influencing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and bone resorption.

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above

Play a video:

Was this helpful?

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Antidiuretic Hormone, also known as vasopressin, is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating water balance by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, which helps to concentrate urine and reduce water loss. Elevated ADH levels lead to increased blood volume and decreased plasma osmolarity.

Aldosterone

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium levels in the body. It promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys, which helps to increase blood volume and blood pressure. This hormone is essential for maintaining electrolyte balance and overall fluid homeostasis.

Natriuretic Peptides

Natriuretic peptides, including Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), are hormones released by the heart in response to increased blood volume and pressure. They promote natriuresis, the excretion of sodium through urine, and lead to vasodilation, which helps to lower blood pressure and reduce fluid overload. These peptides counteract the effects of aldosterone and ADH.

Watch next

Master Osmoregulation and Nitrogenous Waste with a bite sized video explanation from Bruce Bryan

Start learning

Related Videos

Related Practice

Textbook Question

The principal anions in the ICF are:

(a) Phosphate and proteins (Pr⁻)

(b) Phosphate and bicarbonate

(d) Sodium and potassium

views

Textbook Question

Drinking a solution hypotonic to the ECF causes the ECF to:

(a) Increase in volume and become hypertonic to the ICF

(b) Decrease in volume and become hypertonic to the ICF

(d) Increase in volume and become hypotonic to the ICF

views

Textbook Question

What are fluid shifts? What is their function, and what factors can cause them?

views

Textbook Question

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus monitor the osmotic concentration of the ECF and secrete _______ in response to higher osmotic concentrations.

(a) BNP

(b) ANP

(d) ADH

views

Textbook Question

Dan has been lost in the desert for 2 days with very little water. As a result of this exposure, you would expect to observe which of the following?

(a) Increased ADH levels

(b) Decreased blood osmolarity

(d) Increased blood volume

(e) Cells enlarged with fluid

views

Textbook Question

Yuka is dehydrated, so her physician prescribes intravenous fluids. The attending nurse becomes distracted and erroneously gives Yuka a hypertonic glucose solution instead of normal saline. What effect will this mistake have on Yuka’s plasma ADH levels and urine volume?

views

Textbook Question

Effects of aldosterone include:

a. Increase in sodium ion excretion

b. Increase in water retention

c. Increase in potassium ion concentration in the urine

d. Higher blood pressure

views

Textbook Question

Low blood pressure detected by the cells in the green box directly stimulates the release of:

a. Aldosterone

b. Renin