Textbook Question
When naïve B cells are activated, they differentiate into:
a. Plasma cells
b. Memory cells
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
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21. The Immune System
Immune Tolerance
3:39 minutesProblem 11
Textbook Question
The cell type most often invaded by HIV is a(n)
a. Eosinophil
b. Cytotoxic T cell
c. Natural killer cell
d. Helper T cell
e. B cell.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the nature of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): HIV is a virus that targets the immune system, specifically cells that play a role in coordinating immune responses.
Recall the primary function of each cell type listed in the options: a. Eosinophils are involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, b. Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected or cancerous cells, c. Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system and target infected or abnormal cells, d. Helper T cells coordinate immune responses by activating other immune cells, e. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify the specific cell type that HIV targets: HIV binds to the CD4 receptor, which is found on certain immune cells. Helper T cells (also called CD4+ T cells) are the primary cells that express this receptor.
Understand the consequences of HIV targeting Helper T cells: By infecting and destroying these cells, HIV weakens the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections and diseases.
Conclude that the correct answer is the cell type with the CD4 receptor, which is the Helper T cell (option d).
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Video duration:
3mKey Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
HIV and its Target Cells
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) primarily targets the immune system, specifically the CD4+ T cells, commonly known as Helper T cells. These cells play a crucial role in orchestrating the immune response by activating other immune cells. The virus binds to the CD4 receptor and co-receptors on these cells, leading to their infection and eventual depletion, which compromises the immune system.
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Receptors at Target Organs
Helper T Cells
Helper T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that are essential for the adaptive immune response. They assist in activating B cells to produce antibodies and stimulate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells. The loss of Helper T cells due to HIV infection leads to a weakened immune system, making the body more susceptible to opportunistic infections and diseases.
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Immune System Response
The immune system response involves various cells and mechanisms that work together to defend the body against pathogens. This includes the innate immune response, which provides immediate defense, and the adaptive immune response, which is more specific and involves memory cells. Understanding how HIV disrupts this response, particularly by targeting Helper T cells, is crucial for comprehending the implications of HIV infection and the progression to AIDS.
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6:59Primary and Secondary Response of Adaptive Immunity
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