Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

18. The Heart

Electrical Conduction System of the Heart

Anatomy & Physiology

18. The Heart

Electrical Conduction System of the Heart

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Problem 9

Textbook Question

Identify the structures in the following diagram of a sectional view of the heart.
a. _
b. _
c. _
d. _
e. _
f. _
g. _
h. _
i. _
j. _
k. _
l. _
m. ___

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Begin by identifying the orientation of the heart in the sectional view. Determine whether the diagram represents a frontal, transverse, or sagittal section. This will help you understand the spatial arrangement of the structures.

Step 2: Locate the chambers of the heart in the diagram. Identify the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle based on their relative positions and anatomical landmarks.

Step 3: Identify the major blood vessels connected to the heart. Look for the aorta, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and venae cavae. These structures are typically labeled or can be inferred based on their proximity to the heart chambers.

Step 4: Examine the valves of the heart. Identify the tricuspid valve, bicuspid (mitral) valve, pulmonary valve, and aortic valve. These valves are located between the chambers and blood vessels, ensuring unidirectional blood flow.

Step 5: Identify additional structures such as the interventricular septum (separating the ventricles), chordae tendineae (attached to the valves), and papillary muscles (anchoring the chordae tendineae). These features are crucial for the heart's function and should be labeled accordingly.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Anatomy of the Heart

The anatomy of the heart includes its four chambers: the right and left atria, and the right and left ventricles. Each chamber has a specific function in the circulatory system, such as receiving deoxygenated blood or pumping oxygenated blood to the body. Understanding these structures is essential for identifying them in a diagram.

Valves of the Heart

The heart contains four main valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves. These valves ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart and prevent backflow. Recognizing these valves is crucial for understanding how blood moves through the heart's chambers.

Circulatory System Overview

The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, functioning to transport nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body. The heart acts as a pump, and its structure is designed to support this function efficiently. Familiarity with the circulatory system's role helps in comprehending the significance of each heart structure in the overall system.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

If the papillary muscles fail to contract:

(a) The ventricles will not pump blood

(b) The atria will not pump blood

(d) The AV valves will not close properly

(e) None of these happen

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Textbook Question

The refractory period of cardiac muscle is much longer than that of skeletal muscle. Why is this a desirable functional property?

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Textbook Question

After Randy was diagnosed with stomach cancer, nearly all of his stomach had to be removed. Postoperative treatment included regular injections of vitamin B12. Why was this vitamin prescribed, and why were injections specified?

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Textbook Question

How does the heart's ability to contract differ from that of other muscles of the body?

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Textbook Question

The serous membrane covering the outer surface of the heart is the:

(a) Parietal layer of the serous pericardium

(b) Endocardium

(d) Visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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