Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Anatomy & Physiology

26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

Acid-Base Balance

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1:14 minutes

Problem 7

Textbook Question

Two substances secreted into the proximal convoluted tubules in exchange for sodium ions are:
a. Ammonium ions
b. Bicarbonate
c. Calcium
d. Chloride
e. Hydrogen ions
f. Magnesium
g. Phosphate
h. Potassium
i. Sodium
j. Water

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the function of the proximal convoluted tubules in the nephron. These tubules are responsible for reabsorbing essential substances and secreting waste products into the filtrate.

Step 2: Recall the process of ion exchange in the proximal convoluted tubules. Sodium ions are reabsorbed actively, and other ions or substances are secreted into the tubules in exchange.

Step 3: Identify the substances commonly secreted into the proximal convoluted tubules. These include waste products and ions that help maintain acid-base balance or electrolyte homeostasis.

Step 4: Focus on the substances listed in the options provided (a through j). Determine which of these are secreted into the tubules in exchange for sodium ions. Consider their roles in maintaining pH balance and electrolyte levels.

Step 5: Based on physiological knowledge, recognize that hydrogen ions (e) and ammonium ions (a) are secreted into the proximal convoluted tubules in exchange for sodium ions to regulate acid-base balance in the body.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

The proximal convoluted tubule is a segment of the nephron in the kidney where significant reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients occurs. It plays a crucial role in maintaining electrolyte balance and is the site where substances are secreted or reabsorbed in response to the body's needs.

Sodium Ion Exchange

Sodium ion exchange refers to the process where sodium ions are exchanged for other ions or substances in the renal tubules. This mechanism is vital for regulating fluid balance, blood pressure, and electrolyte levels, as sodium is a key player in these physiological processes.

Substances Secreted in the PCT

In the proximal convoluted tubule, various substances such as ammonium ions and hydrogen ions are secreted in exchange for sodium ions. This secretion helps in the regulation of acid-base balance and the elimination of waste products from the body, highlighting the tubule's role in homeostasis.