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1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Carbohydrates

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Carbohydrates

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Multiple Choice

Generally, animals cannot digest (hydrolyze) the glycosidic linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass?

They have to eat a lot of grass.

Cows and other herbivores are exceptions and make some cellulose-digesting enzymes.

The flat teeth and strong stomach of herbivores break the cellulose fibers so that the cows get enough nutrition from the cell contents.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to individual glucose units.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand that cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units linked by beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which most animals cannot digest due to the lack of specific enzymes.

Recognize that cows and other ruminants have a specialized digestive system that includes a multi-chambered stomach, which allows them to host microorganisms capable of breaking down cellulose.

Identify that these microorganisms, such as bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, reside in the rumen, the largest stomach chamber, where they produce cellulase enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose into glucose.

Acknowledge that the glucose released from cellulose is then absorbed by the cow and used as a source of energy and nutrients.

Conclude that the symbiotic relationship between cows and these microorganisms enables cows to derive nutritional value from grass, which is rich in cellulose.