Textbook Question
The part of the epiphysis that does not ossify during a person's lifetime is the:
a. Articular surface
b. Secondary ossification center
c. Diaphyseal notch
d. Nutrient foramen
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Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 6, Problem 13a
Explain the effect that the following hormones have on the growth of bone tissue:
a. Growth hormone
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of growth hormone (GH): Growth hormone, also known as somatotropin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It plays a critical role in stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in the body, including bone tissue.
Recognize the target tissues of GH: Growth hormone primarily acts on the liver and bones. In the liver, it stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is a key mediator of GH's effects on bone growth.
Explain the effect of GH on bone growth: GH directly stimulates the activity of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and chondrocytes (cartilage-forming cells) in the epiphyseal (growth) plates of long bones. This promotes the elongation of bones during childhood and adolescence.
Describe the role of IGF-1: IGF-1, produced in response to GH, enhances the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the growth plates. This further contributes to the lengthening of bones and overall skeletal growth.
Discuss the regulation of GH: The secretion of GH is regulated by the hypothalamus through growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (inhibitory hormone). Factors such as sleep, exercise, and nutrition can influence GH levels, which in turn affect bone growth.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, plays a crucial role in growth and development. It stimulates the liver and other tissues to produce insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which promote the growth of bone and cartilage. GH also enhances protein synthesis and the mobilization of fat, contributing to overall growth and metabolic regulation.
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4:31
Hormone Review Table Example 1
Bone Tissue Growth
Bone tissue growth, or ossification, involves the formation of new bone material through the activity of osteoblasts, which are cells responsible for bone formation. This process is influenced by various factors, including hormones like GH and IGFs, which stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, leading to increased bone density and strength.
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Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
Insulin-like growth factors, primarily IGF-1, are proteins that mediate many of the growth-promoting effects of growth hormone. They are produced in response to GH stimulation and play a vital role in bone growth by promoting the proliferation of chondrocytes in the growth plates of bones, enhancing the overall process of bone elongation and maturation.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Explain the effect that the following hormones have on growth of bone tissue:
b. Testosterone
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Textbook Question
Correctly order the following steps of bone growth in length by placing a 1 by the first step, a 2 by the second step, and so on.
Calcified cartilage is replaced with bone in the zone of ossification.
Chondrocytes in the zone of proliferation divide by mitosis.
Chondrocytes enter the zone of calcification and die as their matrix calcifies.
Chondrocytes enlarge and cease dividing.
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Textbook Question
Bone deposition is carried out by_____, which secrete the____ of the ECM by exocytosis. They facilitate the formation of the______of the ECM by secreting_____filled with calcium ions, enzymes, and ATP. Bone resorption is carried out by______ , which secrete_____and_____from their ruffled border.
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Textbook Question
Explain the effect that the following hormones have on the growth of bone tissue:
c. Estrogen
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Textbook Question
Long bones grow in length from the:
a. Diaphyseal line
b. Epiphyseal line
c. Epiphyseal plate
d. Medullary cavity
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