Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

12. The Central Nervous System

The Cerebrum

Anatomy & Physiology

12. The Central Nervous System

The Cerebrum

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3:37 minutes

Problem 27

Textbook Question

What kinds of problems are associated with the presence of lesions in the Wernicke's area and the Broca's area?

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the location and function of Wernicke's area: Wernicke's area is located in the posterior part of the temporal lobe, typically in the left hemisphere. It is primarily responsible for language comprehension, including understanding spoken and written language.

Understand the location and function of Broca's area: Broca's area is located in the frontal lobe, typically in the left hemisphere. It is primarily responsible for language production, including speech articulation and the motor aspects of speaking.

Identify the problems associated with lesions in Wernicke's area: Lesions in Wernicke's area can lead to Wernicke's aphasia, characterized by difficulty in understanding language. Patients may produce fluent but nonsensical speech, often referred to as 'word salad,' and struggle with comprehension.

Identify the problems associated with lesions in Broca's area: Lesions in Broca's area can lead to Broca's aphasia, characterized by difficulty in producing speech. Patients may understand language but struggle to form words or sentences, often speaking in short, broken phrases.

Recognize the broader implications: Both areas are part of the brain's language network, and damage to these regions can significantly impact communication, social interaction, and quality of life. Rehabilitation strategies often involve speech therapy to help patients regain language skills.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Wernicke's Area

Wernicke's area is a region in the left hemisphere of the brain, typically located in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus. It is primarily responsible for language comprehension. Lesions in this area can lead to Wernicke's aphasia, characterized by fluent but nonsensical speech and significant difficulties in understanding spoken and written language.

Broca's Area

Broca's area is located in the frontal lobe, specifically in the left hemisphere, and is crucial for language production and speech articulation. Damage to this area results in Broca's aphasia, where individuals struggle to form grammatically correct sentences and may speak in short, broken phrases, while still retaining the ability to understand language.

Aphasia

Aphasia is a communication disorder that affects a person's ability to process and produce language due to brain damage. It can manifest in various forms, depending on the affected brain region, leading to difficulties in speaking, understanding, reading, or writing. The presence of lesions in Wernicke's and Broca's areas can result in distinct types of aphasia, impacting both comprehension and expression of language.

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Textbook Question

A number of brain structures are listed below. If an area is primarily gray matter, write a in the answer blank; if mostly white matter, respond with b.

________ (1) cerebral cortex

________ (2) corpus callosum and corona radiata

________ (3) red nucleus

________ (4) medial and lateral nuclear groups

________ (5) medial lemniscus

________ (6) cranial nerve nuclei

________ (7) spinothalamic tract

________ (8) fornix

________ (9) cingulate and precentral gyri

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Textbook Question

The primary motor cortex, Broca's area, and the premotor cortex are located in which lobe?

a. Frontal

b. Parietal

c. Temporal

d. Occipital

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Textbook Question

What are the principal functional differences between the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

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Textbook Question

The two cerebral hemispheres are functionally different, even though anatomically they appear the same.

(a) True

(b) False

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Textbook Question

A patient has suffered a cerebral hemorrhage that has caused dysfunction of the precentral gyrus of his right cerebral cortex. As a result:

a. He cannot voluntarily move his left arm or leg.

b. He feels no sensation on the left side of his body.

c. He feels no sensation on his right side.

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Textbook Question

Clarence, an elderly man with a history of TIAs, complained to his daughter that he had a severe headache. Shortly thereafter, he lapsed into a coma. At the hospital, he was diagnosed as having a brain hemorrhage. Which part of the brain was damaged by the hemorrhage?

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Textbook Question

What effect does injury to the primary motor cortex have on peripheral muscles?

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Textbook Question

Fiber tracts that allow neurons within the same cerebral hemisphere to communicate are:

a. Association fibers

b. Commissures

c. Projection fibers

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