Which three organs or tissues interact to assist in the regulation of calcium ion concentration in body fluids?

The hormones that coordinate the storage, absorption, and excretion of calcium ions are:

(a) Growth hormone and thyroxine

(b) Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

(c) Calcitriol and cholecalciferol

(d) Estrogens and androgens

What is the primary difference between endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification?

What nutritional factors are essential for normal bone growth and maintenance?

What hormonal factors are necessary for normal bone growth and maintenance?

What are the major effects of parathyroid hormone?

The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal cartilage is similar to:

(a) Intramembranous ossification

(b) Endochondral ossification

(c) The process of osteopenia

(d) The process of healing a fracture

(e) The process of calcification

The vitamins essential for normal adult bone maintenance and repair are:

(a) A and E

(b) C and D3

(c) B and E

(d) B complex and K

Compare and contrast controls of bone remodeling exerted by hormones and by mechanical and gravitational forces, including the purpose of each control system and changes in bone architecture that might occur.