Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

29. Heredity

Patterns of Inheritance

Anatomy & Physiology

29. Heredity

Patterns of Inheritance

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Problem 23b

Textbook Question

Distinguish between the following paired terms:
(b) heterozygous and homozygous,

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of alleles: Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome. These alleles determine traits such as eye color or blood type.

Define homozygous: Homozygous refers to an individual who has two identical alleles for a particular gene at a specific locus. For example, if both alleles for eye color are 'blue' (bb), the individual is homozygous for that trait.

Define heterozygous: Heterozygous refers to an individual who has two different alleles for a particular gene at a specific locus. For example, if one allele is 'blue' (b) and the other is 'brown' (B), the individual is heterozygous for that trait.

Explain the functional difference: In homozygous individuals, the trait expressed is determined solely by the identical alleles. In heterozygous individuals, the dominant allele typically determines the trait expressed, while the recessive allele is masked.

Provide examples for clarity: For homozygous, an example could be 'AA' or 'aa' for a gene. For heterozygous, an example could be 'Aa', where 'A' is dominant and 'a' is recessive.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Heterozygous

Heterozygous refers to an organism that has two different alleles for a specific gene. For example, if one allele is for brown eyes and the other is for blue eyes, the organism is heterozygous for the eye color trait. This genetic variation can lead to a range of phenotypes, depending on how the alleles interact.

Homozygous

Homozygous describes an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular gene. For instance, if both alleles are for brown eyes, the organism is homozygous for the eye color trait. This uniformity can result in a consistent expression of the trait, as both alleles contribute the same genetic information.

Alleles

Alleles are different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome. Each individual inherits one allele from each parent, which can be either dominant or recessive. The combination of these alleles determines the organism's genotype and can influence its phenotype, or observable traits.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Distinguish between the following paired terms:

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Textbook Question

Recessive X-linked traits

(a) Are passed from fathers to their sons

(b) Are more likely to be expressed in males

(d) Are never expressed in females

(e) Cannot be passed from mothers to daughters

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Textbook Question

Indicate the type of inheritance involved in each of the following situations.

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Textbook Question

Hemophilia A, a condition in which blood does not clot properly, is a recessive trait located on the X chromosome (Xʰ). Suppose that a woman who is heterozygous for this trait (XXʰ) has children with a normal male (XY). What is the probability that the couple will have daughters with hemophilia? What is the probability that the couple will have sons with hemophilia?

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Multiple Choice

An allele that is able to mask the expression of its partner allele is said to be __________.

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Multiple Choice

Codominant alleles are present in __________.

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Multiple Choice

An organism with five pairs of homologous chromosomes could produce __________ different gametes on the basis of independent assortment alone.

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