Textbook Question
The division of the ANS that prepares the body for activity and stress is the_____division.
(a) sympathetic
(b) parasympathetic
(c) craniosacral
(d) intramural
(e) somatomotor
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14. The Autonomic Nervous System
Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System
2:07 minutesProblem 7
Textbook Question
Briefly explain why the following terms are sometimes used to refer to the autonomic nervous system: involuntary nervous system and emotional-visceral system.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS): The ANS is responsible for regulating involuntary physiological processes such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and glandular activity. These functions occur automatically, without conscious control, which is why it is often referred to as the 'involuntary nervous system.'
Recognize the connection between the ANS and emotional responses: The ANS plays a key role in mediating the body's response to emotional stimuli. For example, feelings of fear or excitement can trigger changes in heart rate, breathing, and sweating, which are controlled by the ANS. This connection is why it is sometimes called the 'emotional-visceral system.'
Explore the term 'visceral': The word 'visceral' refers to the internal organs of the body, particularly those within the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The ANS regulates the activity of these visceral organs, such as the heart, lungs, and digestive system, further supporting the use of the term 'emotional-visceral system.'
Consider the division of the ANS: The ANS is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which work together to maintain homeostasis. The sympathetic system is often associated with the 'fight or flight' response during emotional stress, while the parasympathetic system is linked to 'rest and digest' functions. These divisions highlight the ANS's role in both involuntary and emotional processes.
Summarize the dual terminology: The terms 'involuntary nervous system' and 'emotional-visceral system' emphasize different aspects of the ANS's function—its automatic control of bodily processes and its role in linking emotional states to physiological changes in visceral organs.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
The autonomic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiological functions, including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and digestion. It operates automatically, without conscious control, and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which work in opposition to maintain homeostasis.
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Involuntary Nervous System
The term 'involuntary nervous system' emphasizes the ANS's role in controlling bodily functions that occur without conscious thought. This includes actions like heartbeat regulation and glandular secretions, highlighting how the body maintains essential functions autonomously, which is crucial for survival and daily functioning.
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Emotional-Visceral System
The phrase 'emotional-visceral system' reflects the connection between emotions and physiological responses managed by the ANS. Emotions can trigger visceral reactions, such as increased heart rate or sweating, illustrating how the ANS integrates emotional states with bodily functions, thereby influencing both physical and emotional health.
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