Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Proteins

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Proteins

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1:39 minutes

Problem 22

Textbook Question

If a polypeptide contains 10 peptide bonds, how many amino acids does it contain?
(a) 9
(b) 10
(c) 11
(d) 12

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of a polypeptide: A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Each peptide bond connects two amino acids.

Recognize the relationship between peptide bonds and amino acids: The number of peptide bonds in a polypeptide is always one less than the number of amino acids because the first amino acid does not require a bond to be part of the chain.

Apply the concept to the problem: If the polypeptide contains 10 peptide bonds, then the number of amino acids must be one more than the number of peptide bonds.

Set up the calculation: Add 1 to the number of peptide bonds to determine the total number of amino acids. Use the formula: \( \text{Number of amino acids} = \text{Number of peptide bonds} + 1 \).

Conclude the reasoning: Based on the formula, calculate the number of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Peptide Bonds

Peptide bonds are covalent chemical bonds that link amino acids together in a polypeptide chain. Each bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing a molecule of water in a condensation reaction. The number of peptide bonds in a polypeptide is always one less than the number of amino acids it contains.

Amino Acids

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, consisting of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain (R group). There are 20 standard amino acids that combine in various sequences to form proteins. The sequence and number of amino acids determine the structure and function of the resulting protein.

Polypeptide Structure

A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, and it can fold into a specific three-dimensional structure to become a functional protein. The length of a polypeptide is determined by the number of amino acids it contains, which directly correlates to the number of peptide bonds. Understanding this relationship is crucial for determining the composition of polypeptides.

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A deficiency in this element can be expected to reduce the hemoglobin content of blood:

a. Fe

b. I

c. F

d. Ca

e. K

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Pediatricians become concerned about the potential for brain damage when an infant's temperature approaches 105°F. Which class of organic molecules is most likely to be damaged by high temperature? Explain why.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following is not a function of a protein?

(a) Support

(b) Transport

(d) Storage of genetic information

(e) Movement

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Textbook Question

List seven major functions performed by proteins.

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Multiple Choice