Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles

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2:01 minutes

Problem 20

Textbook Question

In their anatomy lab, many students are exposed to the chemical preservatives phenol, formaldehyde, and alcohol. Our cells break down these toxins very effectively. What cellular organelle is responsible for this?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Begin by identifying the cellular organelle responsible for detoxifying harmful substances. This organelle is the peroxisome, which plays a key role in breaking down toxins such as phenol, formaldehyde, and alcohol.

Step 2: Understand the function of peroxisomes. These organelles contain enzymes, such as catalase and oxidases, that neutralize toxic substances by converting them into less harmful compounds. For example, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a byproduct of detoxification, is broken down into water and oxygen.

Step 3: Explore the biochemical process involved. Peroxisomes use oxidative reactions to metabolize toxins. For instance, alcohol is oxidized into acetaldehyde and then further processed into acetic acid, which can be safely utilized or excreted by the body.

Step 4: Relate this detoxification process to the anatomy lab scenario. When students are exposed to chemical preservatives, their cells rely on peroxisomes to neutralize these substances and prevent cellular damage.

Step 5: Consider the broader physiological importance of peroxisomes. In addition to detoxification, peroxisomes are involved in lipid metabolism and the breakdown of long-chain fatty acids, highlighting their essential role in maintaining cellular health.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. They play a crucial role in the detoxification process by degrading harmful substances, including toxins like phenol and formaldehyde, which can be encountered in laboratory settings.

Cellular Detoxification

Cellular detoxification refers to the processes by which cells neutralize and eliminate harmful substances. This involves various organelles, including lysosomes and peroxisomes, which work together to break down toxins and prevent cellular damage, ensuring the overall health of the cell.

Enzymatic Activity

Enzymatic activity is the process by which enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions, including the breakdown of toxins. In lysosomes, specific enzymes are activated to degrade complex molecules into simpler, non-toxic forms, facilitating the safe removal of harmful substances from the cell.