Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Functional Groups

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Functional Groups

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2:13 minutes

Problem 1

Textbook Question

What two functional groups are bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer?a. an R-group and a hydroxyl groupb. an N—H group and a ═(C═O) groupc. an amino group and a hydroxyl groupd. an amino group and a carboxyl group

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the structure of a typical amino acid, which consists of a central (alpha) carbon atom.

Recognize that each amino acid has four different groups attached to this central carbon: an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable R-group (side chain).

Understand that the amino group (-NH2) and the carboxyl group (-COOH) are the two functional groups that are consistently bound to the central carbon in all amino acids.

Review the options provided in the question and match them with the functional groups identified in the structure of an amino acid.

Select the option that correctly identifies the amino group and the carboxyl group as the two functional groups bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Amino Acids

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid contains a central carbon atom, an amino group (—NH2), a carboxyl group (—COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable R-group or side chain that determines the specific properties of the amino acid.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In amino acids, the amino group and carboxyl group are essential functional groups that define their structure and reactivity, influencing how they interact in biological systems.

Peptide Bond Formation

Peptide bonds are covalent bonds that link amino acids together to form proteins. This bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing a molecule of water in a condensation reaction. Understanding this process is crucial for grasping how amino acids combine to create complex proteins.