Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

15. The Special Senses

Introduction to Special Senses

Anatomy & Physiology

15. The Special Senses

Introduction to Special Senses

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2:50 minutes

Problem 19

Textbook Question

For each of the following descriptions, indicate whether it applies to a macula or a crista ampullaris: inside a semicircular canal; contains otoliths; responds to linear acceleration and deceleration; has a cupula; responds to rotational acceleration and deceleration; inside the vestibule.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the anatomical locations and functions of the macula and crista ampullaris. The macula is located in the vestibule of the inner ear (specifically in the utricle and saccule) and is responsible for detecting linear acceleration and deceleration. The crista ampullaris is located inside the semicircular canals and detects rotational acceleration and deceleration.

Step 2: Analyze the description 'inside a semicircular canal.' This applies to the crista ampullaris because it is specifically found within the ampulla of the semicircular canals.

Step 3: Analyze the description 'contains otoliths.' This applies to the macula because it contains otoliths (calcium carbonate crystals) embedded in a gelatinous layer, which help detect linear movements.

Step 4: Analyze the description 'responds to linear acceleration and deceleration.' This applies to the macula because its structure is designed to detect changes in linear motion using the otoliths and hair cells.

Step 5: Analyze the descriptions 'has a cupula' and 'responds to rotational acceleration and deceleration.' These apply to the crista ampullaris because it has a gelatinous structure called the cupula that bends in response to rotational movements, stimulating the hair cells within the ampulla.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Macula

The macula is a sensory structure located within the vestibule of the inner ear, specifically in the utricle and saccule. It contains otoliths, which are small calcium carbonate crystals that help detect linear acceleration and deceleration. The macula is crucial for maintaining balance and spatial orientation by responding to changes in head position relative to gravity.

Crista Ampullaris

The crista ampullaris is a sensory structure found within the ampullae of the semicircular canals in the inner ear. It contains a gelatinous structure called the cupula, which moves in response to rotational acceleration and deceleration of the head. This movement stimulates hair cells in the crista, allowing the body to perceive changes in angular motion, which is essential for balance.

Semicircular Canals vs. Vestibule

The semicircular canals and vestibule are both parts of the inner ear involved in balance. The semicircular canals are oriented in three planes and are responsible for detecting rotational movements, while the vestibule contains the macula and is responsible for sensing linear movements. Understanding the distinct functions and locations of these structures is key to answering questions about their roles in the vestibular system.

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Textbook Question

The structure that allows pressure in the middle ear to be equalized with atmospheric pressure is the

a. Pinna

b. Pharyngotympanic tube

c. Tympanic membrane

d. Oval window

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Textbook Question

Which of the following is important in maintaining the balance of the body?

a. Visual cues

b. Semicircular canals

c. The saccule

d. Proprioceptors

e. All of these

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Textbook Question

Juan tells his physician that he has been feeling dizzy, especially when he closes his eyes. He is asked to stand with his feet together and arms extended forward. As long as he keeps his eyes open, he exhibits very little movement. But when he closes his eyes, his body begins to sway a great deal, and his arms tend to drift together toward the left side of his body. Why does this occur?

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Textbook Question

Normal balance depends on information transmitted from a number of sensory receptor types. Name at least three of these receptors.

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Textbook Question

Taste buds are found on the

a. Anterior part of the tongue

b. Posterior part of the tongue

c. Palate

d. All of these