Multiple Choice
A vaccination works to establish __________.
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21. The Immune System
Introduction to Adaptive Immunity
Problem L2.3
Textbook Question
Terrence has severe asthma and allergies, and is placed on a medication that blocks the functioning of IgE. How would this medication alleviate his symptoms?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of IgE in the immune system: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is an antibody that plays a key role in allergic reactions and asthma. It binds to allergens and triggers the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals from mast cells and basophils, leading to symptoms such as airway constriction, inflammation, and mucus production.
Recognize the mechanism of the medication: The medication blocks the functioning of IgE, preventing it from binding to allergens and activating mast cells and basophils. This reduces the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
Explain how blocking IgE alleviates asthma symptoms: By inhibiting IgE activity, the medication reduces airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus overproduction, which are common symptoms of asthma.
Describe how blocking IgE alleviates allergy symptoms: Allergic reactions, such as sneezing, itching, and swelling, are caused by the release of histamine and other chemicals. Blocking IgE prevents this release, thereby reducing allergic symptoms.
Summarize the overall effect: The medication helps manage Terrence's asthma and allergies by targeting the root cause—IgE-mediated immune responses—leading to improved breathing and reduced allergic reactions.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
IgE (Immunoglobulin E)
IgE is a type of antibody produced by the immune system in response to allergens. It plays a crucial role in allergic reactions by binding to allergens and triggering the release of histamines and other chemicals from mast cells, leading to symptoms such as inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production, which are particularly problematic for individuals with asthma.
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IgE
Asthma Pathophysiology
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, often triggered by allergens, irritants, or exercise. The inflammation leads to increased mucus production and bronchoconstriction, resulting in symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Understanding this pathophysiology is essential for comprehending how medications can alleviate symptoms.
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Mechanism of Action of IgE Blockers
Medications that block IgE function, such as monoclonal antibodies, work by preventing IgE from binding to allergens and activating mast cells. This inhibition reduces the release of inflammatory mediators, thereby decreasing the severity of allergic reactions and asthma symptoms. By targeting IgE, these medications can provide significant relief for patients with severe asthma and allergies.
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