Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

9. Muscle Tissue

Steps of Muscle Contraction

Anatomy & Physiology

9. Muscle Tissue

Steps of Muscle Contraction

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3: minutes

Problem 9

Textbook Question

During muscle contraction, ATP is provided by:
a. a coupled reaction of creatine phosphate with ADP
b. aerobic respiration of glucose, and
c. anaerobic glycolysis.
(1) Which provides ATP fastest?
  (2) Which does (do) not require that oxygen be available?
  (3) Which provides the highest yield of ATP per glucose molecule?
  (4) Which results in the formation of lactic acid?
  (5) Which has carbon dioxide and water products?
  (6) Which is most important in endurance sports?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the three processes mentioned in the problem: (a) Coupled reaction of creatine phosphate with ADP, (b) Aerobic respiration of glucose, and (c) Anaerobic glycolysis. Each of these processes contributes to ATP production in different ways and under different conditions.

Step 2: For question (1), identify which process provides ATP the fastest. Creatine phosphate donates a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP almost instantaneously, making it the fastest source of ATP.

Step 3: For question (2), determine which processes do not require oxygen. Both the coupled reaction of creatine phosphate with ADP and anaerobic glycolysis occur without the need for oxygen, while aerobic respiration requires oxygen.

Step 4: For question (3), evaluate which process provides the highest yield of ATP per glucose molecule. Aerobic respiration is the most efficient, producing approximately 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, compared to anaerobic glycolysis, which produces only 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

Step 5: For questions (4), (5), and (6), analyze the byproducts and importance of each process. Anaerobic glycolysis results in the formation of lactic acid (question 4), while aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and water as byproducts (question 5). Aerobic respiration is most important in endurance sports because it provides a sustained and efficient energy supply over long periods (question 6).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

ATP Production Pathways

ATP can be generated through various metabolic pathways, including the coupled reaction of creatine phosphate with ADP, aerobic respiration, and anaerobic glycolysis. Each pathway has distinct characteristics regarding speed, efficiency, and oxygen requirements, making it essential to understand these differences when analyzing muscle contraction.

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Metabolism

Aerobic metabolism occurs in the presence of oxygen and produces a high yield of ATP, primarily through the oxidation of glucose, resulting in carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. In contrast, anaerobic metabolism does not require oxygen and leads to the production of lactic acid, providing ATP more quickly but less efficiently.

Energy Systems in Exercise

Different energy systems are utilized during various types of physical activity. The phosphagen system (creatine phosphate) provides immediate ATP for short bursts of activity, anaerobic glycolysis supports high-intensity efforts without oxygen, and aerobic respiration is crucial for sustained, lower-intensity endurance activities, making it vital for athletes in endurance sports.