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Embryonic Development (Weeks 3-8) quiz #1

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  • Which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system during embryonic development?
    The ectoderm is the germ layer that gives rise to the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system.
  • What is the primitive streak and what role does it play during gastrulation?
    The primitive streak is a groove on the caudal end of the embryonic disc that facilitates gastrulation. It allows cells to migrate and form the third germ layer, resulting in a trilaminar disc.
  • Which germ layer is directly attached to the yolk sac during early embryonic development?
    The endoderm is directly attached to the yolk sac. This attachment is visible in side views of the embryonic disc during early development.
  • What does the process of organogenesis refer to in embryonic development?
    Organogenesis is the process by which the three primary germ layers differentiate into organs and organ systems. By the end of week 8, all organ systems are recognizable and some are even functional.
  • Which structures do somites, derived from the mesoderm, eventually form?
    Somites develop into the skeleton, dermis of the skin, and skeletal muscle. They are paired, cube-like structures that form along the notochord.
  • What is the notochord and what is its significance in embryonic development?
    The notochord is a structure formed from mesodermal cells at the midline of the embryo. It helps organize the embryo along a central axis and later contributes to the formation of vertebrae.
  • During neurulation, what structure forms from the thickening of the ectoderm and what does it become?
    The neural plate forms from the thickening of the ectoderm during neurulation. It folds to create the neural tube, which becomes the brain and spinal cord.
  • What do neural crest cells develop into during embryogenesis?
    Neural crest cells form between the ectoderm and the neural tube. They give rise to the peripheral nervous system, including spinal nerves, cranial nerves, and ganglia.
  • By which week of embryonic development are all organ systems recognizable?
    By the end of week 8, all organ systems are recognizable in the embryo. At this stage, the embryo is about 1 inch long.
  • What is the main recommended study strategy for memorizing germ layer derivatives according to the review video?
    The recommended strategy is to focus on memorizing the key structures formed by the endoderm and ectoderm. Anything not on that list can be assumed to be derived from the mesoderm.