Ions - Sodium and Potassium quiz #1 Flashcards
Ions - Sodium and Potassium quiz #1
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What is the source of energy used to power the sodium-potassium pump?
The source of energy used to power the sodium-potassium pump is ATP. The concentrations of which two ions are highest outside the cell?
The concentrations of sodium ions are highest outside the cell, while potassium ions are highest inside the cell. How does the sodium-potassium pump make the interior of the cell negatively charged?
The sodium-potassium pump makes the interior of the cell negatively charged by ejecting three sodium ions out of the cell and bringing two potassium ions into the cell, resulting in a net loss of positive charge. Which of the following describes the sodium-potassium pump? A) It moves ions with their concentration gradient B) It moves ions against their concentration gradient C) It does not require energy D) It moves ions passively
B) It moves ions against their concentration gradient What do voltage-gated ion channels open in response to?
Voltage-gated ion channels open in response to changes in membrane potential. Which of the following statements about ion channels are true? A) They require ATP to function B) They allow passive movement of ions C) They move ions against their concentration gradient D) They are always open
B) They allow passive movement of ions Which channels are highly concentrated in the nodes of Ranvier?
Voltage-gated sodium channels are highly concentrated in the nodes of Ranvier. Which client is at risk for the development of a potassium level of 5.5 meq/l (5.5 mmol/l)?
A client with kidney dysfunction or those taking potassium-sparing diuretics may be at risk for hyperkalemia, which is a potassium level of 5.5 meq/l or higher. Which of the following is the driving force for the sodium-potassium pump? A) Concentration gradient B) Electrical gradient C) ATP D) Passive diffusion
C) ATP Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Chloride
A) Sodium Which of the following is true for the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) exchange pump? A) It moves ions passively B) It requires ATP C) It moves ions with their concentration gradient D) It does not affect cell charge
B) It requires ATP Which of the following statements is false regarding the sodium-potassium pump? A) It moves sodium out of the cell B) It moves potassium into the cell C) It requires ATP D) It moves ions with their concentration gradient
D) It moves ions with their concentration gradient What is the most abundant extracellular cation?
The most abundant extracellular cation is sodium. What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to the coagulation cascade?
Calcium ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to the coagulation cascade. What is the source of energy used to power the sodium–potassium pump?
The source of energy used to power the sodium-potassium pump is ATP. Which mineral is required for normal muscle and nerve function and aids in water balance?
Potassium is required for normal muscle and nerve function and aids in water balance. Which of the following statements about sodium imbalances are true? Select all that apply. A) Hypernatremia can cause dehydration B) Hyponatremia can lead to edema C) Sodium imbalances affect nerve function D) Sodium imbalances do not affect blood pressure
A) Hypernatremia can cause dehydration, B) Hyponatremia can lead to edema, C) Sodium imbalances affect nerve function Which of the following statements about the sodium–potassium pump is correct? A) It moves ions passively B) It requires ATP C) It moves ions with their concentration gradient D) It does not affect cell charge
B) It requires ATP Which of the following is a function of potassium? A) Regulating blood pressure B) Muscle contraction C) Bone formation D) Oxygen transport
B) Muscle contraction What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade?
Calcium ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade. Which of the following are functions of potassium? A) Muscle contraction B) Nerve function C) Bone formation D) Oxygen transport
A) Muscle contraction, B) Nerve function Which of the following is true with regard to sodium and potassium? A) Sodium is the major intracellular cation B) Potassium is the major extracellular cation C) Sodium is the major extracellular cation D) Potassium is the major intracellular cation
C) Sodium is the major extracellular cation, D) Potassium is the major intracellular cation Which of the following allow the movement of potassium through the neuronal membrane? A) Voltage-gated potassium channels B) Sodium-potassium pump C) Potassium leak channels D) Calcium channels
A) Voltage-gated potassium channels, C) Potassium leak channels What is the principal extracellular cation?
The principal extracellular cation is sodium. Which of the following is not a function of the Na+−K+ pump? A) Maintaining cell volume B) Generating ATP C) Establishing resting membrane potential D) Transporting ions against their gradient
B) Generating ATP Which of the following accurately describes the gate(gates) of voltage-gated sodium channels? A) They open in response to chemical signals B) They open in response to changes in voltage C) They are always open D) They open in response to mechanical stress
B) They open in response to changes in voltage Where would calcium ions be predominately found?
Calcium ions are predominately found in the extracellular fluid. Which is the most abundant cation in the ECF?
The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF) is sodium. What is the most abundant intracellular cation?
The most abundant intracellular cation is potassium. By what process is sodium moved out of the cell?
Sodium is moved out of the cell by active transport via the sodium-potassium pump. Which of these conditions is not a result of hyperkalemia? A) Muscle weakness B) Cardiac arrhythmias C) Increased blood pressure D) Nerve dysfunction
C) Increased blood pressure Which of the following is not a major function of sodium? A) Muscle contraction B) Nerve impulse transmission C) Fluid balance D) Bone formation
D) Bone formation What is the major cation found in the extracellular fluid?
The major cation found in the extracellular fluid is sodium. Which of the following is not a function of the Na+-K+ pump? A) Maintaining cell volume B) Generating ATP C) Establishing resting membrane potential D) Transporting ions against their gradient
B) Generating ATP What is the major extracellular cation?
The major extracellular cation is sodium. Which of the following statements regarding gated channels is false? A) They require ATP to function B) They open in response to specific stimuli C) They allow passive movement of ions D) They are selective for specific ions
A) They require ATP to function What is the major cation found in intracellular fluid?
The major cation found in intracellular fluid is potassium. Which of the following is true in regards to the Na-K pump? A) It moves ions passively B) It requires ATP C) It moves ions with their concentration gradient D) It does not affect cell charge
B) It requires ATP Which is the main anion in the intracellular fluid?
The main anion in the intracellular fluid is phosphate. Which of the following describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump? A) It moves ions passively B) It requires ATP C) It moves ions with their concentration gradient D) It does not affect cell charge
B) It requires ATP
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