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The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland quiz #4

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  • How does the anterior pituitary receive signals from the hypothalamus, and what type of hormones are involved?
    The anterior pituitary receives signals from the hypothalamus through the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system, which delivers tropic hormones that stimulate or inhibit the release of anterior pituitary hormones.
  • How does the posterior pituitary differ from the anterior pituitary in terms of structure and hormone release?
    The posterior pituitary is an extension of the hypothalamus made of nervous tissue, releasing hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus directly into the bloodstream, unlike the anterior pituitary, which is glandular and regulated by tropic hormones.
  • What memory tools can help recall the hormones of the anterior and posterior pituitary glands?
    The mnemonic 'FLAT PEG' helps remember anterior pituitary hormones (FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, Endorphins, GH), and 'powerful antioxidants' helps recall posterior pituitary hormones (Antidiuretic hormone and Oxytocin).
  • What is the main function of the hypothalamus in relation to the endocrine system?
    The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis and controls the endocrine system by regulating hormone release from the pituitary gland.
  • How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary gland?
    The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary through the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system, delivering tropic hormones directly to it.
  • What is a tropic hormone and what is its role in the endocrine system?
    A tropic hormone is a hormone that stimulates the release of other hormones from target endocrine glands, helping regulate various bodily functions.
  • How does the structure and function of the posterior pituitary differ from the anterior pituitary?
    The posterior pituitary is made of nervous tissue and is a direct extension of the hypothalamus, releasing hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus directly into the bloodstream, unlike the glandular anterior pituitary.
  • Which hormones are released by the anterior pituitary, and what mnemonic helps remember them?
    The anterior pituitary releases FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, Endorphins, and GH, which can be remembered using the mnemonic 'FLAT PEG.'
  • What are the two main hormones released by the posterior pituitary and their primary functions?
    The posterior pituitary releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which helps retain water in the kidneys, and oxytocin, which causes uterine contractions and milk release.
  • What memory tool can help recall the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland?
    The phrase 'powerful antioxidants' helps recall posterior pituitary hormones: 'anti' for antidiuretic hormone and 'oxy' for oxytocin.
  • What structure serves as the primary link between the endocrine and nervous systems?
    The hypothalamus and pituitary gland serve as the primary link between the endocrine and nervous systems.
  • Which endocrine gland is commonly referred to as the master gland?
    The pituitary gland is commonly referred to as the master gland.
  • Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breast?
    Prolactin stimulates milk production in the breast.
  • Thyrotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus targets which gland?
    Thyrotropin releasing hormone targets the anterior pituitary gland.
  • Which hormone regulates milk production in the breast?
    Prolactin regulates milk production in the breast.
  • Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland?
    The posterior pituitary gland releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin.
  • Name an example of an anterior pituitary hormone.
    Examples of anterior pituitary hormones include growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH).
  • Which pituitary hormone stimulates ovulation?
    Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates ovulation.
  • Which gland controls all the other endocrine glands?
    The pituitary gland controls other endocrine glands.
  • Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
    The posterior pituitary gland produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin.
  • Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?
    The posterior pituitary secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin.
  • Which endocrine gland is called the master gland?
    The pituitary gland is called the master gland.
  • Which endocrine gland controls other endocrine glands?
    The pituitary gland controls other endocrine glands.
  • Which hormone is responsible for milk production in the human body?
    Prolactin is responsible for milk production in the human body.
  • Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
    The posterior pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin.
  • Which hormone stimulates milk production?
    Prolactin stimulates milk production.
  • What is the action of luteinizing hormone (LH)?
    Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates ovulation in females and influences sex hormone production in both males and females.
  • What hormone is responsible for milk production?
    Prolactin is responsible for milk production.
  • What hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor?
    Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during labor.
  • What hormone stimulates ovulation in females?
    Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates ovulation in females.
  • What part of the brain controls the endocrine system?
    The hypothalamus controls the endocrine system.
  • What is the link between the nervous and endocrine systems?
    The hypothalamus and pituitary gland form the link between the nervous and endocrine systems.
  • What hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
    The posterior pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin.
  • What links the nervous and endocrine systems?
    The hypothalamus and pituitary gland link the nervous and endocrine systems.
  • What is a tropic hormone?
    A tropic hormone is a hormone that triggers the release of other hormones from target endocrine glands.
  • What hormone does alcohol inhibit?
    Alcohol inhibits the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
  • Which hormone has both inhibiting and releasing actions?
    Prolactin is regulated by both prolactin releasing hormone and prolactin inhibiting hormone from the hypothalamus.
  • What is true of growth hormone?
    Growth hormone (GH) is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates cell division, especially in bones and cartilage, and has target cells in the liver.
  • Which brain-based endocrine gland is central to endocrine system control?
    The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are the brain-based endocrine glands central to endocrine system control.